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388 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
388 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# EasyCaptcha
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![MavenCentral](https://img.shields.io/maven-central/v/com.github.whvcse/easy-captcha?style=flat-square)
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![Hex.pm](https://img.shields.io/hexpm/l/plug.svg?style=flat-square)
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## 1.简介
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 Java图形验证码,支持gif、中文、算术等类型,可用于Java Web、JavaSE等项目。
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---
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## 2.效果展示
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msFrE8.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msF0DP.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msFwut.png)
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<br/>
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msFzVK.gif)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msFvb6.gif)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msFXK1.gif)
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**算术类型:**
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/mskKPg.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msknIS.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/mskma8.png)
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**中文类型:**
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/mskcdK.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msk6Z6.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msksqx.png)
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**内置字体:**
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msAVSJ.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msAAW4.png)
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![验证码](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msAkYF.png)
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---
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## 3.导入项目
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### 3.1.gradle方式的引入
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```text
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dependencies {
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compile 'com.github.whvcse:easy-captcha:1.6.2'
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}
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```
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### 3.2.maven方式引入
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```xml
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.github.whvcse</groupId>
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<artifactId>easy-captcha</artifactId>
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<version>1.6.2</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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```
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### 3.3.jar包下载
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[easy-captcha-1.6.2.jar](https://gitee.com/whvse/EasyCaptcha/releases)
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maven导入jar包,在项目根目录创建`libs`文件夹,然后pom.xml添加如下:
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```
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.github.whvcse</groupId>
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<artifactId>easy-captcha</artifactId>
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<version>1.6.1</version>
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<systemPath>${basedir}/libs/easy-captcha-1.6.2.jar</systemPath>
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</dependency>
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```
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---
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## 4.使用方法
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### 4.1.在SpringMVC中使用
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```java
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@Controller
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public class CaptchaController {
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@RequestMapping("/captcha")
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public void captcha(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
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CaptchaUtil.out(request, response);
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}
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}
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```
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前端html代码:
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```html
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<img src="/captcha" width="130px" height="48px" />
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```
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> 不要忘了把`/captcha`路径排除登录拦截,比如shiro的拦截。
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### 4.2.在servlet中使用
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web.xml中配置servlet:
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```xml
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<web-app>
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<!-- 图形验证码servlet -->
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<servlet>
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<servlet-name>CaptchaServlet</servlet-name>
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<servlet-class>com.wf.captcha.servlet.CaptchaServlet</servlet-class>
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</servlet>
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<servlet-mapping>
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<servlet-name>CaptchaServlet</servlet-name>
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<url-pattern>/captcha</url-pattern>
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</servlet-mapping>
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</web-app>
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```
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前端html代码:
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```html
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<img src="/captcha" width="130px" height="48px" />
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```
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### 4.3.判断验证码是否正确
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```java
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@Controller
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public class LoginController {
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@PostMapping("/login")
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public JsonResult login(String username,String password,String verCode){
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if (!CaptchaUtil.ver(verCode, request)) {
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CaptchaUtil.clear(request); // 清除session中的验证码
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return JsonResult.error("验证码不正确");
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.4.设置宽高和位数
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```java
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@Controller
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public class CaptchaController {
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@RequestMapping("/captcha")
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public void captcha(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
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// 设置位数
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CaptchaUtil.out(5, request, response);
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// 设置宽、高、位数
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CaptchaUtil.out(130, 48, 5, request, response);
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// 使用gif验证码
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GifCaptcha gifCaptcha = new GifCaptcha(130,48,4);
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CaptchaUtil.out(gifCaptcha, request, response);
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.5.不使用工具类
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 CaptchaUtil封装了输出验证码、存session、判断验证码等功能,也可以不使用此工具类:
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```java
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@Controller
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public class CaptchaController {
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@RequestMapping("/captcha")
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public void captcha(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
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// 设置请求头为输出图片类型
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response.setContentType("image/gif");
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response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
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response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
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response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
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// 三个参数分别为宽、高、位数
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SpecCaptcha specCaptcha = new SpecCaptcha(130, 48, 5);
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// 设置字体
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specCaptcha.setFont(new Font("Verdana", Font.PLAIN, 32)); // 有默认字体,可以不用设置
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// 设置类型,纯数字、纯字母、字母数字混合
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specCaptcha.setCharType(Captcha.TYPE_ONLY_NUMBER);
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// 验证码存入session
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request.getSession().setAttribute("captcha", specCaptcha.text().toLowerCase());
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// 输出图片流
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specCaptcha.out(response.getOutputStream());
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}
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@PostMapping("/login")
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public JsonResult login(String username,String password,String verCode){
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// 获取session中的验证码
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String sessionCode = request.getSession().getAttribute("captcha");
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// 判断验证码
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if (verCode==null || !sessionCode.equals(verCode.trim().toLowerCase())) {
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return JsonResult.error("验证码不正确");
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## 5.更多设置
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### 5.1.验证码类型
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```java
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public class Test {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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// png类型
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SpecCaptcha captcha = new SpecCaptcha(130, 48);
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captcha.text(); // 获取验证码的字符
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captcha.textChar(); // 获取验证码的字符数组
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// gif类型
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GifCaptcha captcha = new GifCaptcha(130, 48);
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// 中文类型
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ChineseCaptcha captcha = new ChineseCaptcha(130, 48);
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// 中文gif类型
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ChineseGifCaptcha captcha = new ChineseGifCaptcha(130, 48);
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// 算术类型
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ArithmeticCaptcha captcha = new ArithmeticCaptcha(130, 48);
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captcha.setLen(3); // 几位数运算,默认是两位
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captcha.getArithmeticString(); // 获取运算的公式:3+2=?
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captcha.text(); // 获取运算的结果:5
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captcha.out(outputStream); // 输出验证码
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}
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}
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```
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> 注意:<br/>
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>  算术验证码的len表示是几位数运算,而其他验证码的len表示验证码的位数,算术验证码的text()表示的是公式的结果,
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> 对于算术验证码,你应该把公式的结果存储session,而不是公式。
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### 5.2.验证码字符类型
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类型 | 描述
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:--- | :---
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TYPE_DEFAULT | 数字和字母混合
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TYPE_ONLY_NUMBER | 纯数字
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TYPE_ONLY_CHAR | 纯字母
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TYPE_ONLY_UPPER | 纯大写字母
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TYPE_ONLY_LOWER | 纯小写字母
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TYPE_NUM_AND_UPPER | 数字和大写字母
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使用方法:
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```
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SpecCaptcha captcha = new SpecCaptcha(130, 48, 5);
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captcha.setCharType(Captcha.TYPE_ONLY_NUMBER);
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```
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> 只有`SpecCaptcha`和`GifCaptcha`设置才有效果。
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### 5.3.字体设置
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内置字体:
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字体 | 效果
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:--- | :---
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Captcha.FONT_1 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msMe6U.png)
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Captcha.FONT_2 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msMAf0.png)
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Captcha.FONT_3 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msMCwj.png)
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Captcha.FONT_4 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msM9mQ.png)
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Captcha.FONT_5 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msKz6S.png)
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Captcha.FONT_6 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msKxl8.png)
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Captcha.FONT_7 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msMPTs.png)
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Captcha.FONT_8 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msMmXF.png)
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Captcha.FONT_9 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msMVpV.png)
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Captcha.FONT_10 | ![](https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/08/23/msMZlT.png)
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使用方法:
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```
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SpecCaptcha captcha = new SpecCaptcha(130, 48, 5);
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// 设置内置字体
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captcha.setFont(Captcha.FONT_1);
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// 设置系统字体
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captcha.setFont(new Font("楷体", Font.PLAIN, 28));
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```
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### 5.4.输出base64编码
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```
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SpecCaptcha specCaptcha = new SpecCaptcha(130, 48, 5);
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specCaptcha.toBase64();
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// 如果不想要base64的头部data:image/png;base64,
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specCaptcha.toBase64(""); // 加一个空的参数即可
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```
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### 5.5.输出到文件
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```
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FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:/captcha.png"))
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SpecCaptcha specCaptcha = new SpecCaptcha(130, 48, 5);
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specCaptcha.out(outputStream);
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```
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---
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## 6.前后端分离项目的使用
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 前后端分离项目建议不要存储在session中,存储在redis中,redis存储需要一个key,key一同返回给前端用于验证输入:
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```java
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@Controller
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public class CaptchaController {
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@Autowired
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private RedisUtil redisUtil;
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@ResponseBody
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@RequestMapping("/captcha")
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public JsonResult captcha(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
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SpecCaptcha specCaptcha = new SpecCaptcha(130, 48, 5);
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String verCode = specCaptcha.text().toLowerCase();
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String key = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
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// 存入redis并设置过期时间为30分钟
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redisUtil.setEx(key, verCode, 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
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// 将key和base64返回给前端
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return JsonResult.ok().put("key", key).put("image", specCaptcha.toBase64());
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}
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@ResponseBody
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@PostMapping("/login")
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public JsonResult login(String username,String password,String verCode,String verKey){
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// 获取redis中的验证码
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String redisCode = redisUtil.get(verKey);
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// 判断验证码
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if (verCode==null || !redisCode.equals(verCode.trim().toLowerCase())) {
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return JsonResult.error("验证码不正确");
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}
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}
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}
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```
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前端使用ajax获取验证码:
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```html
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<img id="verImg" width="130px" height="48px"/>
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<script>
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var verKey;
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// 获取验证码
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$.get('/captcha', function(res) {
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verKey = res.key;
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$('#verImg').attr('src', res.image);
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},'json');
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// 登录
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$.post('/login', {
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verKey: verKey,
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verCode: '8u6h',
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username: 'admin',
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password: 'admin'
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}, function(res) {
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console.log(res);
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}, 'json');
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</script>
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```
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> RedisUtil到这里获取[https://gitee.com/whvse/RedisUtil](https://gitee.com/whvse/RedisUtil)
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---
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## 7.自定义效果
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 继承`Captcha`实现`out`方法,中文验证码可继承`ChineseCaptchaAbstract`,算术验证码可继承`ArithmeticCaptchaAbstract`。
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---
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## 8.更新日志
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- **2019-08-23 (v1.6.2)**
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- 增加10种漂亮的内置字体,不依赖系统字体
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- 增加算术验证码,运算位数可自由配置
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- 增加输出base64编码的功能
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- 增加贝塞尔曲线作为干扰线
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- **2018-08-09 (v1.5.0)**
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- 增加纯大写字母、纯小写字母、数字和大写字母配置
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- 增加中文验证码、中文gif验证码
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- 增加抗锯齿效果,优化文字颜色
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- 增加CaptchaUtil便于Web项目使用
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